How to select the cutting tool in machining?

Worthy is a CNC machining, CNC machining parts and services CNC manufacturing company, in the processing of parts, we want to choose the right tool to process.In machining, the choice of tools can be said to be a technology.We know that the cutting performance of a tool often depends on the cutting part of the material, tool structure and tool geometry.But the influence tool service life, the processing efficiency, the processing quality and the processing cost, lies in the tool itself material as well as the tool processing workpiece material.

Therefore, in machining, according to different materials processing workpiece selection of suitable materials of the tool, improve not only the processing efficiency and processing quality, but also can extend the life of the tool, reduce the processing cost.

There are mainly six kinds of materials for machining tools: diamond tools, PCBN tools, ceramic tools, coating tools, carbide tools, high-speed steel tools.So what materials can they be applied to?Let's move on.

Diamond cutter

Diamond tools are divided into: natural diamond tools, PCD diamond tools, CVD diamond tools.

It is mainly used for fine cutting and boring of non-ferrous metals and non-metallic materials at high speed. It is suitable for processing various wear-resistant non-metals, such as glass fiber reinforced plastic powder metallurgy blank, ceramic materials, etc.Still have all sorts of wear-resisting nonferrous metal, be like all sorts of silicon aluminium alloy;All kinds of non-ferrous metal finishing.However, the disadvantage of diamond tool is its poor thermal stability. When the cutting temperature exceeds 700℃ ~ 800℃, diamond tool will lose its hardness completely.In addition, it is not suitable for cutting ferrous metals, because diamond (carbon) at high temperature easy to interact with iron atoms, so that the carbon atoms into the structure of graphite, the tool is very easy to damage.

PCBN cutting tools

PCBN cutter can be divided into integrated PCBN blade and cemented carbide composite sintered PCBN composite blade.

It is suitable for finishing all kinds of hardened steel, hard cast iron, high temperature alloy, hard alloy, surface spraying material and other difficult cutting materials.The machining accuracy can reach IT5, and the surface roughness can be as small as Ra1.25 ~ 0.20m.The tool material has poor toughness and bending strength.Therefore, it is not suitable for low speed, large impact load rough machining;At the same time, it is not suitable for cutting plastic materials, such as aluminum alloy, copper alloy, nickel alloy, plastic steel, etc., because cutting these metals will produce serious chip tumor, resulting in the deterioration of the machining surface.

Ceramic cutting tool

Ceramic cutting tool materials can be generally divided into three categories: alumina ceramic, silicon nitride ceramic, composite silicon nitride - alumina ceramic.

It is one of the cutting tool materials mainly used for high speed finishing and semi-finishing.Ceramic tool is suitable for cutting all kinds of cast iron, such as: gray cast iron, ductile cast iron, malleable cast iron, chilled cast iron, high alloy wear resistant cast iron;All kinds of steel, such as carbon structural steel, alloy structural steel, high strength steel, high manganese steel, quenched steel, etc., can also be used for cutting copper alloy, graphite, engineering plastics and composite materials.The ceramic cutting tools have the problems of low bending strength and poor impact toughness, so they are not suitable for cutting under low speed and impact load.

Coated tools

According to the different coating methods can be divided into chemical vapor deposition coating tool and physical vapor deposition coating tool.It can be divided into carbide coated cutting tools, high-speed steel coated cutting tools, and coated cutting tools on ceramics and superhard materials according to the different matrix materials.According to the nature of the material can be divided into hard coated tool and soft coated tool.There are also popular nano-coated knives.

It has great potential in the field of numerical control machining and will be the most important tool in the field of numerical control machining in the future.The coating technology has been applied to the end milling cutter, reamer, drill bit, composite hole machining tool, gear hob, gear shaper, gear shaver, forming broach and all kinds of clamping indexable blades, which can meet the needs of high-speed machining of all kinds of steel and cast iron, heat resistant alloy and non-ferrous metal and other materials.The tool life will increase as the coating thickness increases, but when the coating thickness reaches saturation, the tool life will no longer increase significantly.When the coating is too thick, it is easy to cause peeling;When the coating is too thin, it will lead to poor wear resistance.

Carbide cutting tool

According to the main chemical components, cemented carbide can be divided into tungsten carbide based cemented carbide and titanium-based cemented carbide.Among them, tungsten carbide based cemented carbide includes tungsten cobalt, tungsten cobalt titanium , and added rare carbide, which have their own advantages and disadvantages. The main components are tungsten carbide, titanium carbide, tantalum carbide , niobium carbide, etc.

It is mainly used for processing cast iron, non-ferrous and non-metallic materials.Fine grain cemented carbide (such as YG3X, YG6X) has higher hardness and wear resistance than medium grain in the same amount of cobalt, which is suitable for processing some special hard cast iron, austenitic stainless steel, heat-resistant alloy, titanium alloy, hard bronze and wear-resistant insulation materials.The outstanding advantages of YT cemented carbide are high hardness, good heat resistance, high hardness and compressive strength at high temperature than YG, and good oxidation resistance.YW alloys have the properties of YG and YT alloys and have good comprehensive properties.

High speed steel cutter

According to different USES, HSS can be divided into general HSS and high performance HSS.General - purpose high - speed steel, generally can be divided into tungsten steel, tungsten molybdenum steel two classes.High performance high speed steel mainly has the following categories: high carbon high speed steel, high vanadium high speed steel, cobalt high speed steel, aluminum high speed steel, nitrogen super hard high speed steel.

General high speed steel: mainly used to manufacture cutting tools for metal materials with cutting hardness HB ≤ 300, such as drill bit, tap, saw blade;And precision tools, such as: hob, gear shaper, broach, commonly used steel number W18Cr4V, W6Mo5Cr4V2, etc.Special purpose high speed steel: including cobalt high speed steel and super hard high speed steel, hardness is HRC68 ~ 70, mainly used for manufacturing cutting difficult metal, such as: high temperature alloy, titanium alloy and high strength steel tools, commonly used steel number has W12Cr4V5Co5, W2Mo9Cr4VCo8.

These are the advantages and disadvantages of various knives, I hope to help you.

We are very clear and master when processing different materials, what kind of cutting tools to choose, please believe our professional technology, if you are interested in our processing technology, please contact us, let us work together for win-win results.

Worthy Hardware is a CNC manufacturing and sheet metal fabrication company,including CNC machining services,CNC milling services, CNC turning services, laser cutting services and stamping services.Call us +86-76989919645 or email us [email protected] for more discounts for your projects.