Types of Rivets: Exploring Diverse Rivet Types and Their Common Applications

I. Introduction

Rivets: small but mighty, these fasteners play an instrumental role in uniting different elements. From the frames of aircraft to the construction of bridges, rivets secure structures in place, ensuring durability and robustness. The fascinating world of rivets offers a variety of classifications, each with its unique attributes and suitable applications. This article dives deep into the realm of rivets, their function, drawbacks, material selections, and, importantly, the distinct types of rivets used in manufacturing.

Rivets are renowned for their capacity to fasten diverse elements together securely. With their simple yet effective design, they have been instrumental in the development of numerous innovations. Without them, we would lack many of the sturdy structures and mechanical advancements that we now take for granted.

Differing in structure, material, and application, the types of rivets offer a fascinating insight into the world of fasteners. From solid rivets that ensure an airtight seal in aircraft construction, to blind rivets that are utilized for their ease of installation in inaccessible areas, the classification and specific use of rivets is vast and diverse. Each rivet type has been engineered to address unique challenges, making them irreplaceable in certain applications.

Stay tuned as we embark on an exploratory journey into the intricate and robust world of rivets, highlighting their role, limitations, and extensive applications. We’ll answer common questions surrounding rivets and offer insights into the decision-making process when it comes to selecting the right rivet for the task at hand.

II. Understanding Rivets

A. What Does a Rivet Mean?

At the heart of numerous mechanical structures, a rivet is a mechanical fastener with a cylindrical shaft that holds two or more materials together. Its top, known as the head, keeps the rivet in place, while the tail is deformed with a tool to create a second head, forming a sturdy bond between the joined materials.

B. Elements of a Rivet

Every rivet comprises two main elements: the head and the shank (or the body). The head is the part of the rivet that is visible after installation. Depending on the type of rivet, there can be a variety of head shapes including flat, rounded, or countersunk. The shank is the long, cylindrical part that gets inserted into the pre-drilled holes of the materials to be joined. At the end of the shank is the tail, which gets deformed during installation to form a “shop” head, securely fastening the materials together.

III. The Functioning of Rivets

A. Methods of Rivet Installation

Installation methods of rivets can be quite diverse depending on the rivet type and its intended application. The most common method involves using a rivet gun to apply force to the tail of the rivet, causing it to expand and create a second head. For blind rivets, a specially designed gun pulls a mandrel through the rivet body, causing it to expand and lock in place.

B. The Step-By-Step Procedure of Rivet Fitting

Installing a rivet might seem complicated, but it follows a relatively simple procedure. The first step is drilling or punching a hole through the materials to be joined. This hole should be just wide enough to accommodate the rivet’s body. Once the hole is prepared, the rivet is inserted with the head side visible, and the tail end protruding on the opposite side.

A rivet gun is then used to apply force to the tail end. This force causes the tail to expand, forming what is often referred to as the ‘shop’ head. The rivet is now locked in place, securing the materials tightly together.

C. Creation of the Union Via the Riveting Process

Riveting is a widely used method for creating permanent unions between different materials. During the riveting process, the tail end of the rivet is deformed and expanded, creating a secure lock that tightly holds the materials together.

This formed union is highly resistant to forces that could cause separation, providing a durable, long-lasting bond. This is particularly useful in industries such as aviation and construction, where structural integrity is paramount.

IV. Shortcomings of Rivets

Despite their various benefits, rivets do come with their own set of shortcomings. It’s important to understand these drawbacks when deciding whether to use rivets or an alternative fastening method.

1. The Extensive Time and Labor Required as Opposed to Welding

Riveting often requires more time and labor compared to other fastening methods, such as welding. It involves drilling holes, inserting the rivet, and then setting it in place using a rivet gun or a similar tool. On the other hand, welding can be faster, as it involves simply joining two materials together using heat.

2. Increased Labor Expenses

Linked to the previous point, the extensive time and effort required for riveting may translate to increased labor costs. If a large number of rivets are required, the cumulative time taken for installation can lead to significantly higher labor expenses compared to other joining methods.

3. Greater Weight in Comparison to Welded Connections

Another drawback of rivets is their weight. The combined weight of multiple rivets in a structure can be greater than that of a welded seam. In industries like aerospace where weight is a crucial factor, this can be a significant disadvantage.

4. Generation of Noise During the Riveting Procedure

The process of riveting involves forceful hammering or pressing, which can generate significant noise. This might require additional safety measures in a workplace environment to protect workers’ hearing.

5. Possibility of Unsteady or Permeable Unions

While rivets can create strong joints, there is still a possibility of unsteady or permeable unions, especially if the installation is not done correctly. The holes drilled for rivets might allow air or moisture to seep in if they’re not sealed properly. This can lead to corrosion or other types of damage over time.

V. Material Choices for Rivets

Rivets are made from a range of materials, each offering different properties that make them suited to various applications. The choice of material can have a significant impact on the performance and durability of a rivet.

1. Steel and Its Attributes

Steel rivets are incredibly durable and strong, making them ideal for heavy-duty applications. They can withstand high temperatures, which is crucial in industries such as automotive and aerospace manufacturing. To learn more about how steel is used in CNC machining, check out our detailed article on machining steel materials.

2. The Rust-Resistant Nature of Stainless Steel

Stainless steel rivets offer a high level of corrosion resistance. This is due to the presence of chromium, which forms a passive film that protects the metal from oxidation and corrosion.

If your project involves outdoor applications or environments where corrosion could be an issue, stainless steel rivets could be the ideal choice. For more information on stainless steel and its applications, read our guide to 304 vs. 316 stainless steel.

3. Aluminum and Its Featherweight Characteristic

Aluminum rivets are known for their light weight and good corrosion resistance. These properties make them an excellent choice for applications where weight is a critical factor, such as in the aerospace industry. Aluminum is also non-magnetic and has good electrical conductivity.

4. Brass and Its Properties of Low Resistance and No Spark Production

Brass rivets offer low electrical and thermal resistance, making them ideal for electrical applications. Brass is also non-sparking, which makes brass rivets safe to use in explosive or flammable environments. Discover more about brass CNC machining on our website.

5. The Electrical Conduction Properties of Copper

Copper rivets are characterized by their excellent electrical conductivity, second only to silver among pure metals. This makes them ideal for electrical and electronic applications. Copper rivets are also noted for their corrosion resistance. To dive deeper into copper as a material for CNC machining, have a look at our guide on CNC machining copper.

VI. Various Classes of Rivets for Manufacturing

1. Solid Rivets

Solid rivets are among the oldest and most reliable types of rivets. They comprise a smooth cylindrical shaft with a head on one end and are made of materials as diverse as steel, stainless steel, aluminum, copper, and brass. When installed, the tail-end of the rivet is deformed with a hammer or rivet gun to hold the two components together. This forms a second ‘head’, securing the two pieces.

Solid rivets are known for their robustness and excellent shear and tensile strength, which makes them ideal for applications that require strong, permanent and vibration-resistant joints. Their use is widespread in structures that need to withstand heavy loads and stress, such as bridges, skyscrapers, and airplanes.

While they require special tools and access to both sides of the assembly for installation, the benefits they offer in terms of strength and reliability have ensured their continued popularity in numerous industries.

2. Blind Rivets

Blind rivets, also commonly referred to as “pop” rivets, have unique functionality that differentiates them from their solid counterparts. The name “blind” comes from their ability to be installed from one side of the workpiece, making them particularly useful when the other side is inaccessible or “blind”.

A blind rivet consists of two parts: a rivet body (also known as a shell or hat) and a mandrel (also known as a stem). The rivet body is inserted into a hole in the materials to be joined and a special tool is used to pull the mandrel into the rivet body. This action causes the rivet body to deform and expand, clamping the materials together and forming a strong, secure joint. Once the installation is complete, the mandrel breaks off, leaving behind the set rivet.

Blind rivets are frequently used for a range of applications, from automotive repair and aircraft assembly to furniture production and jewelry making. They come in a variety of materials and sizes, offering a range of solutions for different riveting requirements. For instance, steel rivets are often employed when high strength is required, while aluminum rivets might be chosen for their lightweight properties.

It’s worth noting the presence of types of pop rivets like closed-end, open-end, multi-grip, and structural blind rivets, each bringing unique characteristics and benefits to specific applications. However, in every case, the key benefit of a blind rivet is the ability to secure joints where only one side of the workpiece is accessible.

3. Tubular Rivets

Tubular rivets are another important category in the assortment of rivet types. Named after their distinct tube-like shape, these rivets are often used when a secure joint with a clean, finished appearance is required.

The tubular rivet features a hollow shaft that distinguishes it from solid rivets. It’s installed by inserting the rivet’s body into a pre-drilled hole in the materials to be joined and then flaring out the tubular shaft on the other side, often with the use of a special tool or die. The process of flaring creates a secondary head, securing the materials together.

An advantage of tubular rivets is their ability to create neat and aesthetic joints. They are especially popular in applications where both sides of the rivet will be visible, such as in the assembly of leather goods, apparel, luggage, and certain types of furniture.

Tubular rivets are available in different materials, with steel rivets often used for their durability and aluminum rivets selected for their lightweight and corrosion-resistant properties. A popular type of tubular rivet is the semi-tubular rivet, which has a partially hollow shaft. This design allows for even less force to be used during installation, potentially increasing efficiency in a manufacturing setting.

In some cases, tubular rivets are utilized as a rivet alternative to stitches in textiles and leather, providing a unique aesthetic and added durability.

4. Split Rivets

Another unique category in the spectrum of rivet types is the split rivet, also commonly known as the bifurcated rivet. Distinguished by its two-split (bifurcated) leg design, the split rivet provides certain advantages over other types of rivets, particularly in applications that require a firm and robust grip.

In the installation of a split rivet, the legs of the rivet are spread apart after the rivet is inserted into the pre-drilled hole. This spreading action creates a large surface area for the rivet to grip, resulting in a highly secure joint. The split rivet is known for its excellent grip, making it a preferred choice in scenarios where preventing movement within the joint is crucial.

Split rivets are also popular due to their installation efficiency; they can be installed faster than other types of rivets, such as the solid rivets, which require more labor to install. Furthermore, split rivets do not require access to both sides of the workpiece like most rivet styles do, making them suitable for joining materials in tight or difficult-to-reach spaces.

Split rivets have a wide range of applications, with common rivet uses including the attachment of leather or fabric to a firm backing, such as in furniture and automobile upholstery, and in the construction of crates and boxes. They are typically made from materials such as steel, brass, or aluminum, depending on the specific requirements of the application.

Despite their strengths, split rivets do have some limitations. For instance, they are not recommended for use in applications that require a flush finish, as the legs of the rivet protrude from the back of the joint. In such instances, other types of rivets, such as flush rivets, may be more suitable. Despite these potential drawbacks, split rivets continue to be a popular and valuable tool in various fields due to their robust gripping ability and efficiency in installation.

5. Flush Rivets

Another essential rivet type to explore are flush rivets, known for their clean, smooth finish. They are named so because when installed correctly, they sit flush with the surface of the material they’re inserted into. This unique characteristic is particularly desirable in applications where a smooth finish is important, like in aerodynamics where air resistance can be impacted by protrusions on the surface.

The installation of flush rivets requires precision. A countersunk hole is drilled into the material, allowing the rivet to sit flat on the surface once inserted. The driving process results in the back of the rivet flaring out, creating a strong and durable bond between the materials being joined. The use of a specific countersink drill bit ensures the hole is the right shape for the rivet, thus achieving the ‘flush’ finish.

Due to their neat appearance and reduced air resistance, flush rivets are commonly employed in aircraft manufacturing. In this field, aircraft rivet types like flush rivets are used extensively to create smooth, aerodynamic surfaces. These metal rivets are typically made of aluminum alloys, but stainless steel or titanium might also be used depending on the requirements of the application.

However, flush rivets might not be the best choice for all applications. For example, if the material you’re working with is thin or fragile, using a countersink bit to create the necessary hole could potentially damage the material. Therefore, a different rivet type such as the blind rivet or tubular rivet might be a better choice.

6. Self-Piercing Rivets

Moving forward in our discussion of types of rivets, we come to an intriguing option – self-piercing rivets. A key feature setting self-piercing rivets apart is, as the name suggests, their ability to pierce through the material without the need for pre-drilled holes. This eliminates a step in the process, making the installation quicker and more efficient.

Self-piercing rivets work by being driven through the top layer of material and only partially through the bottom layer, creating an interlocking connection. This method retains the integrity of the bottom layer, which can be critical for preventing corrosion or leaks in certain applications. Moreover, this process requires only access from one side of the material, similar to blind rivets, making it a valuable tool when the other side is inaccessible or hard to reach.

Commonly used in the automotive industry, self-piercing rivets are often preferred when working with high-strength steel or aluminum. This is because these metal rivets can join dissimilar and lightweight materials, making them incredibly versatile. They’re especially ideal for assembly lines where speed is critical, and they can easily be used in automated processes.

However, while self-piercing rivets offer many advantages, they are not without their limitations. They can be more expensive than other rivet types and require specialized tools for installation. In addition, they may not be suitable for particularly thick or hard materials, which could require pre-drilled holes or the use of a stronger rivet type.

7. Friction Lock Rivets

The final rivet type we will discuss in this section are friction-lock rivets, an innovation that is rapidly gaining traction due to its distinct characteristics. These rivets are commonly known as “pop” rivets, an onomatopoeic reference to the sound they make during installation.

The functioning of friction-lock rivets is unique. They consist of two parts: the rivet body and a mandrel, which is a slender rod that extends through the body. During the installation process, a rivet gun pulls the mandrel, causing the rivet body to expand and create a tight, secure bond between the materials being joined. Once the rivet is set, the pressure causes the mandrel to snap or ‘pop’ – thus the name.

One of the primary advantages of friction-lock rivets is the ability to install them from one side of the workpiece, just like blind and self-piercing rivets. This makes them a practical choice for inaccessible or confined spaces. The breakage of the mandrel also leaves a clean, flush finish, making these rivets suitable for projects where aesthetics matter.

Friction-lock rivets are found in a wide array of applications. They are commonly used in the aircraft industry, with aircraft rivet types like these offering the required strength and reliability. These rivets for metal are also prevalent in construction, automotive, and even home DIY projects.

Despite the many strengths of friction-lock rivets, they do have their limitations. For instance, they don’t offer the same level of load-bearing capacity as solid rivets. Additionally, the broken mandrel can sometimes leave a small hole in the rivet, which could potentially lead to leakage issues if used in a moisture-exposed environment.

VII. Use Cases of Rivets

The broad range of rivet types accommodates an even wider array of applications across numerous industries. This versatility is a testament to the utility and flexibility of rivets. Here, we will explore some of the primary uses for different types of rivets, providing a glimpse into their widespread application and importance.

A. Fabrication of Aircraft

One of the most critical and well-known applications for rivets is in the fabrication of aircraft. Aircraft construction demands materials that are light, strong, and resistant to environmental stresses. Rivets, especially those made from aluminum or stainless steel, fit these requirements impeccably. In aircraft manufacturing, solid rivets, flush rivets, and friction-lock rivets are widely used to construct everything from wings to fuselage sections.

Due to their immense strength and durability, solid rivets are commonly used in areas of the aircraft that endure high stress. Meanwhile, flush rivets provide a smooth and aerodynamic surface, which is crucial to reduce air resistance during flight. Friction-lock rivets, with their quick and easy installation, are used extensively in areas that are hard to reach or when rapid assembly is required.

B. Creation of Jewelry

While the heavy-duty, industrial applications of rivets are often emphasized, it’s equally important to highlight their role in delicate, detailed work like the creation of jewelry. For centuries, jewelers have used small rivets to join pieces of metal together, creating intricate designs. Today, the tradition continues with metals like gold, silver, and copper being joined using tiny rivets;, adding not just structural stability but also aesthetic appeal to the jewelry pieces.

C. Connection Points in Machinery and Structures

Rivets are essential in the assembly of various machinery and structures. For instance, blind rivets and tubular rivets are often used in automobile manufacturing, allowing for quick and efficient assembly in places where welding might be challenging or impractical. Similarly, in the assembly of large structures like bridges and skyscrapers, rivets, especially steel rivets, are used for their strength and reliability.

D. Residential Construction and Restorations

Rivets are also widely used in residential construction and restoration projects. For example, blind rivets are often used to attach guttering or siding, while tubular rivets are popular for leatherwork or upholstery. Whether it’s assembling a shed in the backyard or restoring a vintage car, the humble rivet proves to be an indispensable tool. In many of these applications, rivets provide an attractive and functional alternative to screws and nails, offering superior holding power and aesthetic appeal.

VIII. Summing Up

Having explored the wide array of rivet types, their applications, and their manufacturing materials, it’s clear that rivets are a pivotal component in numerous sectors and industries. They’ve shaped our world in countless ways, from the massive steel frameworks of skyscrapers to the smallest piece of handcrafted jewelry. In this concluding section, we’ll summarize some of the notable advantages of rivets over alternative connectors and the importance of choosing the right type of rivet for specific tasks.

A. Advantages of Rivets over Alternative Connectors

The pervasive use of rivets can be attributed to several key advantages that they have over other types of connectors, such as screws, bolts, or adhesives.

1. Strength and Durability: Rivets, particularly solid rivets, are renowned for their exceptional strength and durability. Once installed, they create strong, permanent joints that can withstand significant stress and load.
2. Versatility: The various types of rivets and their different materials make them extremely versatile. They can be used in numerous applications and work effectively with a variety of materials, including metal, plastic, leather, and wood.
3. Ease of Installation: Rivets, especially blind rivets, are easy to install and require access from only one side of the material being joined. This makes them ideal for use in tight or hard-to-reach places.
4. Cost-Effective: Rivets are generally less expensive than other types of connectors. They also reduce labor costs because they require less time and fewer tools for installation.
5. Aesthetic Appeal: With their ability to create smooth, flush surfaces (particularly the flush rivets), rivets can add aesthetic appeal to the finished product. This makes them a popular choice in applications where the appearance of the joint matters, such as in furniture or jewelry making.

B. Significance of Selecting the Suitable Rivet Type for Specific Tasks

The decision of which type of rivet to use should be dictated by the specific requirements of the task at hand. Factors such as the materials being joined, the required strength of the joint, access to the joint, and environmental conditions all play a role in this selection.

For instance, a solid rivet’s strength makes it ideal for high-stress applications like aircraft construction. Conversely, a blind rivet’s ease of installation makes it suitable for scenarios where only one side of the material is accessible. Understanding the characteristics and strengths of different types of rivets allows for informed decision-making and more effective use of these versatile fasteners.

As we close, it’s worth noting that the humble rivet, despite its simplicity, plays an indispensable role in shaping the world around us. Whether in manufacturing, construction, or even arts and crafts, the diversity and adaptability of rivets make them an irreplaceable tool in our toolbox.

IX. FAQ

This section answers some frequently asked questions about rivets, their types, and their uses. It aims to provide clarity on some of the finer points of riveting that may not have been covered in the main body of this article.

A. What is meant by riveting?

Riveting is a process in which rivets are used to join or fasten two or more pieces of material together, typically metal. The process involves placing the rivet through pre-drilled holes in the materials and deforming the end of the rivet to hold the materials together.

B. Which are the most durable rivets?

Solid rivets are generally considered the most durable type of rivets. They are often used in applications that require high strength and reliability, such as in the construction of aircraft or bridges. However, the most suitable rivet for a task depends on the specific requirements of the application.

C. What are the varieties of rivets available?

There are numerous types of rivets available, each with its unique characteristics and uses. Some common types include solid rivets, blind rivets, tubular rivets, split rivets, flush rivets, self-piercing rivets, and friction-lock rivets.

D. What materials are used to make rivets?

Rivets can be made from a variety of materials, including steel, stainless steel, aluminum, copper, and brass. The choice of material depends on the specific requirements of the application, such as strength, corrosion resistance, weight, and aesthetic appeal.

E. What is the difference between a blind rivet and a pop rivet?

In many cases, the terms ‘blind rivet’ and ‘pop rivet’ are used interchangeably. Both refer to a type of rivet that can be installed from one side of the material. However, ‘Pop’ is actually a brand name that has become synonymous with blind rivets.

F. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using rivets?

Rivets offer several advantages such as strength, durability, versatility, ease of installation, and cost-effectiveness. However, they also have some disadvantages like the difficulty in disassembling the joint and potential for corrosion if the wrong material is used.

G. Can rivets be used in wood?

Yes, rivets can be used in wood, particularly tubular and blind rivets, as they can secure the wood without splitting it. However, screws or nails are typically more common for woodworking.